Effects of Green-Bodied Laying Dogs in Aquaculture

Antibacterial properties and enhances the immune response of\r\ngreen-bodied laying dogs in aquaculture.

Antibacterial ability\r\nof laying green dog breeds

In the green tree itself bitch (Phyllanthus\r\namanus ) contains a group of compounds such as:

1. \r\nAnkaloid group (with substances found like\r\nIsobubbialine, epibubbialine, phyllanthine, securinnie, norsecurinine)

2. \r\nPhenolic group (including: ellagitanin,\r\nhydrolysable tannins, proantho cyanidin, flavan-3-ol, shikimic (3, 5-O-gallate)\r\nacid).

3. \r\nFlavonoids and other acids (namely, amariinic\r\nacid, thiobarbituric acid, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), etc.)

Many scientific reports have also shown that phenolic and\r\nflavonide compounds have high antibacterial activity, using total phenolic and\r\ntotal flavonide concentrations as a criterion to determine antibacterial\r\nactivity in efficacy testing tests. of extracts from dog hens or leaves.

Phenolic compounds from different plants have antibacterial\r\nactivity against different microorganisms. When comparing the results of\r\nantibiotic map (measuring the diameter of aseptic ring), in the treatment of\r\nplant extracts with the concentration of 1000 mg / mL, the antibacterial ring\r\ndiameter for Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 21.4 mm; in the\r\ndoxycylin treatment with a concentration of 30 µg / mL, the antibiotic diameter\r\nwas 19.8 mm; The ampicillin solution with a concentration of 10 µg / mL\r\nhas an antibacterial diameter of 0 mm.

The antibacterial ring diameter of the green-body dog\r\n​​breed extract increases with increasing concentration. With an extract\r\nconcentration of 250 mg / mL, the antibacterial ring diameter is 16,6\r\nmm; similar to the concentration of 500 mg / mL is 18.2 mg / mL; with\r\na concentration of 750 mg / mL is 20.6 mm; The highest was at a\r\nconcentration of 1000 mg / mL 21.4 mm.

The ability to inhibit and kill Vibrio sp and V.parahaemolyticus cause\r\nAHPND disease in shrimp

This is shown by the ratio of MBC / MIC (Minimum\r\nbactericidal concentration / Minimum inhibitory concentration), if this ratio\r\nis less than or equal to 4, the extract is likely kill bacteria, on the other\r\nhand if this ratio is greater than 4, the extract only inhibits bacteria.

Experiments demonstrated that the MIC and MBC of the plant\r\nextract for V.parahaemolyticus were 125 mg / mL,\r\nrespectively; 500 mg / mL, the ratio of MBC / MIC is equal to 4. Similarly\r\nwith Vibrio sp, MIC and MBC are 62.5 mg / mL; 250mg / mL, MBC / MIC ratio\r\nis 4.

Enhancing immune response in pangasius ( Pagasionnodon\r\nhypothalmus )

Unlike shrimp, the body has an immune system. Therefore,\r\nthere has been a lot of research on the effect of herbal essences on the immune\r\nsystem of fish in order to increase resistance against harmful bacteria and\r\nstressors. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants that\r\nhave a positive effect on human health because they have antioxidant activity.

In another study, phenolic and flavonide groups are the most\r\nprominent antioxidant compounds in plants and are very strong antioxidant\r\ncompounds, proven to be stronger than vitamin C, vitamin E, and\r\ncarotenoids. The results of the study showed that when supplementing with\r\nextracts from green-bodied laying dogs after 24 hours, the ROS activity\r\n(Reactive oxigen species) and the total antibody index of Ig leukocytes (Figure\r\n2) of Pangasius increased significantly compared to the control treatment.

ROS consists of free radicals and some special molecules in\r\nthe structure containing oxygen atoms that are capable of participating in\r\nstrong oxidation reactions. When agents enter the body, neutrophils will\r\nbe captured and activated neutrophils will increase the use of oxygen. At\r\nthe beginning of phagocytosis, these cells use large amounts of oxygen and\r\nrelease enzymes such as NADPH oxidase (NOX); nitric oxide synthase (NOS)\r\nis involved in the transformation of O 2 , NO, Cl - to form\r\nROS. ROS radicals will attack foreign antigens.

As for Ig antibody, an immunoglobulin-Igi glycoprotein is\r\nmade from B lymphocytes (mainly antibody-producing plasma cells that are\r\nresponsible for "capturing" the antigen and are able to bind to the\r\nantigen. The antibodies have 5 basic types: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE.They have\r\nthe common function of combining with antigens, bacterial agglutination,\r\nneutralizing toxins, preserving body protection.

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Thus, the potential for application of green stem carrier\r\nextracts to prevent and treat aquatic animals is huge, especially in the\r\ntreatment of Vibrio sp . And can be used in combination with EM\r\npreparations for better results.

Source: tepbac